公众号MissRui同步更新原文 Introduction Are you keen on spending money or are you a proud saver? Today’s programme is all about ‘thrift’, which has to do with living a simple life free from the need to constantly buy the latest products. Neil and Sam talk about the history of 'thrift' and teach you related vocabulary. This week's question What percentage of people in the UK, do you think, have less than £1000 in savings? Is it... a) 5%, b) 15 % c) 30% Listen to the programme to find out the answer. Vocabulary 1.flourish繁荣 grow or develop successfully 2.frugality节俭 being careful not to spend too much money or eat too much food 3.agenda议程 specific aim or reason for a particular group to do something 4.basic needs基本需求 the basic necessities needed to survive, like food, clothes and shelter, and nothing extra 5.moral slide道德滑坡 decline in standards of moral (good, fair and honest) behaviour 6.truism真理 something that is so obviously true it is not worth saying Transcript Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript NeilHello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil. Sam And I’m Sam. NeilAre you a saver or a spender, Sam? Sam Well, I’m trying to limit my spending right now because I’m saving up for a deposit to buy a house. Neil Saving money is not always easy - as we’ll find out in today’s programme, which is all about ‘thrift’. ‘Thrift’ is not a simple idea to define. It’s to do with living a simple life free from the need to constantly buy the latest products. Sam Today’s consumer culture encourages us to ‘spend, spend, spend’, but it hasn’t always been that way. The Victorians for example told people to ‘save up for a rainy day’, meaning to keep some money back in case of unforeseen emergencies. Neil But before we discover more about that, it’s time for today’s quiz question. If you’re trying to save money you probably know how hard it can be. So my question is: what percentage of people in the UK, do you think, have less than £1000 in savings? Is it: a) 5%, b) 15 %, or c) 30%? Sam Well, if I’m anything to go by I’d say c) 30%. Neil OK. Well, we’ll find the correct answer out later. I mentioned before that ‘thrift’ is a difficult idea to define, so here’s Alison Hulme, a lecturer at the University of Northampton, explaining more to BBC Radio 4’s programme Thinking Allowed: Alison Hulme There are two dictionary definitions of thrift. The older of the two comes from the word ‘thrive’ etymologically, and described thrift as the ability to live well and to flourish, so it’s that sense of human flourishing. The more recent definition is the one we’re probably more familiar with which is about frugality. All of that said, it’s been used historically of course by various people in various moments in various different places in very different ways and they’ve often had a social or religious agenda. Neil It seems the oldest definition of ‘thrift’ has nothing to do with saving money and is connected to the verbs ‘thrive’ and ‘flourish’ - meaning to grow or develop successfully. Sam It was only later with the Puritans - 16th century English Christians with a reputation for strict discipline - that the meaning of thrift changed and became associated with frugality - being careful not to spend too much money or eat too much food. Neil The Puritans believed that being frugal was a religious virtue and that people ought to save money in order to give to others in need. SamLater on the meaning of ‘thrift’ changed again. During the Victorian era, it was connected to the idea of managing your own money in order to be a responsible citizen. Neil Throughout history then, there have been different versions of ‘thrift’, and this may be because different religions or social groups had their own agenda - a specific aim or reason for a particular group to do something. For example, the Victorian definition of thrift was based on a social agenda about being a respectable member of society. Sam Ideas about frugality and thrift changed again during the Second World War when the public was encouraged to avoid waste so that every material resource could go into the war effort. Neil And in the post-war period, it changed again as people’s wealth and standard of living increased. Here’s Alison Hulme again: Alison Hulme It’s the idea that once people had enough to meet their kind of basic needs there was this kind of moral slide into consumerism. It’s not a view that I subscribe to in a simplistic sense myself - I think there’s a very fine line to tread here. There’s no point denying that, certainly in the developed world, there’s been a rise in consumer capitalism, that’s just a truism, but thrift hasn’t declined. Neil In modern times, people’s motivation to save up and be thrifty declined once they had enough to meet their basic needs - the basic necessities needed to survive, like food, clothes and shelter and nothing extra. Sam Alison mentions that once these basic needs were satisfied, people moved away from thrift into consumerism, the desire to buy ‘luxury’ products which were not absolutely necessary. According to some, this created a moral slide – a decrease in the standards of behaving in good, fair and honest ways. Neil The rise in consumer capitalism we have seen around the world is an example of a truism - something that is so obviously true it is not worth repeating. Sam What is worth repeating is the quiz question, Neil. NeilYes, I asked you how many British people had savings of under £1000. Sam And I said, c) 30%. NeilIn fact, Sam, it’s b) 15%. Sam So I guess I’m not such a bad saver after all! Neil OK. Well, today we’ve been talking about the changing meanings of ‘thrift’, an idea connected to frugality - being careful not to spend too much money. Sam The original meaning of ‘thrift’ was to flourish - grow or develop successfully - but that definition changed as different religious groups, like the Puritans, promoted their own agenda - aim or reason for a particular group to do something. Neil In recent times, people’s ability to meet their basic needs – the necessities for survival like food and shelter, have reduced the importance of ‘thrift’, which some believe has created a moral slide – a reduction in standards of moral behaviour. Sam And the associated rise of consumer capitalism is an example of a truism - something that is obviously true and generally accepted by all. Neil That’s all for now. Join us again next time for more topical discussion and vocabulary. Bye for now! Sam Bye bye! Link: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-